The Possible Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Adrenal Cortex in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes in Rats: A Histological Study.
Esraa Tarek Fahmy Mohammaden;
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose level due to insufficiency in production or action of insulin. Elevation of blood glucose level results in serious adverse effects influencing all body systems including the endocrine system.
Complications of diabetes mellitus are known to affect the kidney, retina, nervous system, and endocrine glands. Moreover, DM results in autonomic nervous system imbalance which leads to increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis affecting the adrenal gland.
Streptozotocin is an antibiotic with antineoplastic effects. It is also a pancreatic β-cell toxin causing rapid necrosis of these cells. Therefore, it has been documented to induce a model of experimental diabetes mellitus.
On the other hand, grapes are considered one of the most extensively consumed fruits in the world. Grape seeds have many active ingredients, the most popular being proanthocyanidin. Furthermore, grape seed extract (GSE) is known for its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects; therefore, it is considered a cytoprotective agent.
Accordingly, the current study was carried out to evaluate the structural changes of the adrenal cortex in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and to assess the potential beneficial effect of GSE on the adrenal cortical injury.
The experiment was conducted on 35 adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 grams. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:
Group I (control): It included 15 rats. They were divided into three subgroups; 5 animals each:
Subgroup IA: Rats were left without any interference (negative control)
Subgroup IB: Rats were given 1ml saline orally for 21 days.
Subgroup IC: Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml citrate buffer.
Group II (GSE): It included 6 Rats. They were given GSE orally (200 mg/kg body weight), dissolved in 1ml saline daily for 21 days.
Group III (STZ): It included 7 Rats. They were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.5 ml citrate buffer given I.P.
Group IV (STZ + GSE): It included 7 Rats. They were given STZ as in group III. After rats were confirmed to be diabetic, they were treated with GSE as in group II.
On the third day following STZ injection, blood samples were collected and blood glucose levels were determined. Rats with blood glucose level <200mg/dL were excluded from the experiment.
After 21 days, all animals were weighed and then sacrificed after ether inhalation anesthesia. On the day of sacrifice, blood samples were obtained to detect the blood glucose level, aldosterone and cortisol levels. Adrenal glands were dissected out and processed to perform the following techniques:
Complications of diabetes mellitus are known to affect the kidney, retina, nervous system, and endocrine glands. Moreover, DM results in autonomic nervous system imbalance which leads to increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis affecting the adrenal gland.
Streptozotocin is an antibiotic with antineoplastic effects. It is also a pancreatic β-cell toxin causing rapid necrosis of these cells. Therefore, it has been documented to induce a model of experimental diabetes mellitus.
On the other hand, grapes are considered one of the most extensively consumed fruits in the world. Grape seeds have many active ingredients, the most popular being proanthocyanidin. Furthermore, grape seed extract (GSE) is known for its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects; therefore, it is considered a cytoprotective agent.
Accordingly, the current study was carried out to evaluate the structural changes of the adrenal cortex in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and to assess the potential beneficial effect of GSE on the adrenal cortical injury.
The experiment was conducted on 35 adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 grams. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:
Group I (control): It included 15 rats. They were divided into three subgroups; 5 animals each:
Subgroup IA: Rats were left without any interference (negative control)
Subgroup IB: Rats were given 1ml saline orally for 21 days.
Subgroup IC: Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml citrate buffer.
Group II (GSE): It included 6 Rats. They were given GSE orally (200 mg/kg body weight), dissolved in 1ml saline daily for 21 days.
Group III (STZ): It included 7 Rats. They were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.5 ml citrate buffer given I.P.
Group IV (STZ + GSE): It included 7 Rats. They were given STZ as in group III. After rats were confirmed to be diabetic, they were treated with GSE as in group II.
On the third day following STZ injection, blood samples were collected and blood glucose levels were determined. Rats with blood glucose level <200mg/dL were excluded from the experiment.
After 21 days, all animals were weighed and then sacrificed after ether inhalation anesthesia. On the day of sacrifice, blood samples were obtained to detect the blood glucose level, aldosterone and cortisol levels. Adrenal glands were dissected out and processed to perform the following techniques:
Other data
| Title | The Possible Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Adrenal Cortex in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes in Rats: A Histological Study. | Other Titles | التأثير المحتمل لمستخلص بذور العنب على قشرة الغدة الكظرية في داء السكري الناجم عن الستربتوزوتوسين في الجرذان: دراسة هستولوجية. | Authors | Esraa Tarek Fahmy Mohammaden | Issue Date | 2021 |
Attached Files
| File | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BB10021.pdf | 789.6 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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