Analytical Determination of some Trace and Major Elements in some Environmental Samples

Abstract

The present thesis in general, comprises three chapters: Chapter 1, includes, a general introduction which gives an idea about soil, inorganic components of soil, pH of soil, soil macronutrients, soil micronutrients, heavy metal in soils and general methodological aspects. Also, a short idea of the theory of atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence techniques and survey on the methods demonstrated in literature about applications of the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method in soil analysis. Chapter 2, is concerned with the experimental part, which involves samples collection and storage, pH measurements, EDXRF analysis, description of equipment, software, chemicals, preparation of soil standards and samples, technique for obtaining and characterizing the X-ray spectrum, analytical procedures and computation scheme of EDXRF program. This chapter includes also, AAS analysis procedure, reagents and extraction procedure for soil samples under consideration. Chapter 3, consists of five parts: The first part: includes the optimization of excitation conditions for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence instrument for the determination of 20 elements (AI, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Hg., Pb and Bi) in the soil samples.