Design and Simulation of Millimetre Wave Antenna

Abstract

Modern communication technology has proved to be one of the most fruitful advancements in history, which became an essential part of our daily lives. That leads to a highly dense bandwidth and urges for the need of operating at new bands. A new age in the field of digital communication is about to begin with the establishment of 5G communication soon. Smart devices and portable gadgets are evolving rapidly, and their numbers are expected to reach 100 times the current figures. Despite the huge increment in the traffic, most of our modern wireless communication systems are operating within the sub ranges of the 10 GHz band, which are not sufficient to offer the high data rates reaching the 1Gbps. On the other hand, a tremendous range of frequency bands within the millimetre bands between (30 GHz – 300 GHz) remains unutilized. These bands are being considered for 5G as they are potential candidates for the upcoming mobile services. In 2015, the World Radio Conference (WRC-15) approved several bands for the 5G, including the 50.4-52.6 GHz, 66- 76 GHz, and 81-86 GHz, in addition to the unlicensed bands (60 GHz). FCC proposed new rules concerning the wireless broadband frequencies on October 2015, (FCC 15-138) to include 64-71 GHz band. The main objective of our thesis will be offering new designs of antennas having a relatively wide bandwidth, which covers a large portion of the V (57 GHz - 66 GHz), E (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) and W (75 GHz - 110 GHz) bands. In addition to that, we will be focusing on providing a comparatively reasonable return loss and gain output. Also building the design from standard and available materials is taken into consideration, for a cost-effective solution package. In the third chapter, a proposal of a novel loop antenna design takes place. The chapter presents the steps of developing the square loop design and the enhancements done. After that the simple design and configuration of a single element square loop antenna is presented, the design is then developed using a dual element structure, with the simulating and analyzing results of the design. Following that, the modified square loop antenna is presented, where circular edges are applied to the squares. The results and the output of the simulated circular edge loop antenna are analyzed and discussed. While in the fourth chapter, a brief about recent works related to the shape of the “U” and “H” slotted patch is discussed, that are later on modified and altered to serve our designs. After that two different proposals for the “H” shaped antenna are suggested and constructed out of Rogers RT5880 and copper, in addition to presenting the simulation results of them. Furthermore, two other different designs of “U” shaped antennas are proposed and created on a Rogers RT 5880 substrate, with a discussion of their simulation results. Following that the concept of combining and merging the two different shapes, the “H” and the “U”, takes place along with the simulation and the comparison of the results.