Insecticidal and Synergistic Properties of Some Essential Oils and Plant Extracts against Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd)

Abstract

hi more than five decades of using organic insecticides to control agricultural pests and disease vectors, the application led to selection of insecticide and acaricide resistance in hundred of arthropod species. The deleterious consequences of pesticide resistance include increased level of environmental contamination; risks of human and animal exposure from higher rate of pesticidal application; increases in pest control costs