Evaluation of Discoidin domain receptor- 1 and Ceruloplasmin as early diagnostic markers in type 2 diabetic patients with Nephropathy.

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in people all over the world. Diabetic nephropathy is also associated with cardiovascular disease and a greater mortality rate among diabetics. DN is a common diabetic microvascular disorder with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The expression of cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines was enhanced in the renal tissues of diabetic patients, and serum and urine cytokine levels, as well as cell adhesion molecules, were linked to albuminuria. The present study aimed to evaluate serum levels of Discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) and Ceruloplasmin (CP) as early diagnostic markers in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. In addition to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding these proteins, CP and DDR1.

To achieve this aim, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urea, creatinine,