Incidence, causes, and management of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis: a meta-analysis study

Abstract

Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe form of ocular inflammation due to infection of the intraocular cavity that can lead to irreversible visual loss if not treated properly and timely. The clinical features of endophthalmitis following PPV are similar to those of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Some cases, however, may demonstrate a delayed presentation. Post-pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) endophthalmitis is an uncommon cause of endophthalmitis, with studies reporting incidences of between 0.01 and 0.86%. There are certain factors that may increase the incidence of post-PPV endophthalmitis. These include inadequate wound closure, postoperative hypotony, vitreous incarceration at a sclerotomy site, aqueous intraocular tamponade, additional concomitant intraocular procedures, and a surgeon’s learning curve. As in any case of endophthalmitis, early detection and prompt treatment are important elements in having a successful clinical outcome. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measures can be taken to theoretically reduce the incidence of post-PPV endophthalmitis.