Efficient green synthesis of antioxidant azacoumarin dye bearing spiro-pyrrolidine for enhancing electro-optical properties of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The challenge of increasing solar cell production in our life face with respect to the quality, efficiency, and environmental (eco-friendly) demand continuous improvement in solar cell study. Solar cells have emerged as powerful techniques for satisfying the increasing energy demand. One of the successful attitudes adopted in this field is using perovskite materials, which provide a cheap approach to be widely used in fabricating solar cells. For this reason, we focus in our work on enhancing the quality of perovskite materials in order to increase its efficiency towards light absorption and increase its photovoltaic behavior. Herein, different azacoumarin additives were prepared using a series of Spiro-indolone moieties and their structures were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The prepared compounds have been subjected to quantum chemical calculations to investigate the molecular orbital parameters and to study their quantitative structure–activity and structure–property relationships. The obtained results have indicated that these compounds are promising in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells. More interestingly, these compounds have proven to be effective as antioxidants for lubricating oils. All these claims have been confirmed by experimental evidences.