Estimation of Heterosis in Some Maize Hybrids Using Line X Tester Analysis in two Locations

Abstract

This study employed a line × tester mating design to evaluate maize inbred lines. We obtained nine imported white maize inbred lines from CIMMYT and IITA and used three testers with diverse genetic backgrounds. Our analysis using ANOVA revealed highly significant genetic variability among the tested genotypes and significant differences among check varieties for various traits at two different locations, Menya and Ismailia. The mean square due to lines (L) was found to be significant or highly significant for all traits, except for the no. of kernels per row at the Ismailia location. This indicates the presence of a wide range of variability among the lines, providing an opportunity for selection to improve yield and yield-related traits.The mean squares due to testers were found to be significant or highly significant for all traits, except for 100 kernel weight, at both locations. The line x tester interaction showed significance for most traits, highlighting the influence of specific testers on inbred line performance. The grain yield per plant exhibited significant variation, with certain single crosses, particularly (L2 × T2) at the Menya location, outperforming the check variety SC 128. Furthermore, we calculated superiority percentages of 27 hybrids for grain yield per plant, relative to SC 128 for nine single crosses, and relative to TWC 324 for nine three-way crosses and nine topcrosses. At the Ismailia location, four single crosses (L1, L4, L6, and L9) in combination with T1 and the double cross L4 × T3 demonstrated significant or highly significant useful heterosis for grain per plant yield, highlighting their desirability. This research offers valuable insights into the performance and potential of various maize hybrids, aiding in informed selection and breeding strategies to enhance yield and related traits.