Spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, cytotoxicity activity, and docking stimulation of novel metal complexes of Schiff base ligand of isonicotinohydrazide derivative

Abstract

In this elucidation, the reactivity of isonicotinohydrazide derivative (3)(L) was reacted with the nitrate salts of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) to afford the corresponding stable metal coordination compounds. The synthesized metal coordination compounds were confirmed through physicochemical and analytical analysis such as elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FTIR, TGA, Mass, 1H NMR, XRD, magnetic, and molar conductance analysis. All complexes exhibit distorted octahedral geometry except Zn(II) complex which has a distorted tetrahedral arrangement. Both the thermal stability and the kinetic parameter for all complexes were elucidated via TGA analysis and Coats-Redfern method. XRD study suggested that the complexes have a partially amorphous structure which was further confirmed by calculating the crystallinity index. Moreover, the synthesized metal complexes exhibited excellent cytotoxicity activity contra lung cancer cells (A549) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) using neutral red uptake assay. The complexes of Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) showed higher cytotoxic effect than doxorubicin against A549 and HepG2 cells for 24 h incubation. Furthermore, the Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) coordination compounds showed more inhibitory influence when treated with A549 and HepG2 cells for 48 h incubation. The biological studies of these complexes were confirmed through molecular docking studies with different proteins such as (PDB ID: 2ITO) and (PDB ID: 5H38) and showed low binding energy and shortage bond length with different amino acids. Also, computational calculations of all metal complexes were carried out utilizing DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set to detect the FMO, ESP, MEP, and physical descriptor's of them and confirms their reactivity.