Green, bioanalytically validated chromatographic method for the determination and quantification of photoinitiators in saliva in contact with baby bibs, teethers and pacifiers

Abstract

A green, sensitive and rapid RP-HPLC-UV method was developed and bioanalytically validated to determine and quantify the four photoinitiators, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone, Benzophenone, Benzoin, and Ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, in saliva in contact with bibs, teethers, and pacifiers. C18 column was used as the stationary phase, acetonitrile and water were used as the mobile phase in an isocratic mode, and diode-array as the detector. The method reached a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 10.00 ng/mL with excellent accuracy and precision. The method was bioanalytically validated according to FDA guidelines and the greenness of the method was evaluated using three tools including the analytical eco-scale, the analytical greenness assessment (AGREE), and the HPLC environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT).