Green-based folic acid-conjugated gelatin/casein nanofibers for defeating breast cancer: in-vitro and in-vivo characterization

Abstract

The current study aimed to formulate breast cancer combating nanofibers (NFs) that are entirely built-up from eco-friendly materials. The NFs' backbone solely constructed from gelatin and casein was not previously reported. NFs were fabricated by electro-spinning of polymeric solution composed of gelatin, casein, CA and different cross-linking agents. Glycerol -based NFs exhibited smooth surfaces with minimal hydrolytic degradation and extended CA release. Cross-linked NFs were obtained by heating. This system was conjugated with folic acid and considered as a Trojan horse for breast cancer targeting. ¹H NMR affirmed the successful conjugation. Thorough comparative investigations were implemented for both un-conjugated and conjugated NFs including SEM, DSC, in-vitro CA release and kinetics modeling. Superb cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell lines was attained by conjugated NFs versus un-conjugated entities. The conjugated NFs profoundly reduced the tumor volume in rats bearing tumors. Furthermore, the biochemical assessment of tumor markers; Carcino-embroynic antigen, Carbohydrate antigen 15–3, Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase demonstrated significant amelioration by the conjugated NFs. These data were reinforced by histopathological examinations emphasizing on the superiority of the conjugated NFs. Successful NFs sterilization was also attained. As a conclusion, smart conjugated NFs pose a novel splendid medication for combating breast cancer and improving the patients’ quality of life with minimal frequency of administration.