Effect of Green synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Pisum Sativum Peel Aqueous Extract on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts Cell Lines

Abstract

Aim: Evaluate the cytotoxic effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pisum sativum (PS) outer peel on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HNO97), and their safety on normal oral epithelial cells (OEC) and human skin fibroblasts (HSF). Materials and Methods: Green synthesis of AgNPs from PS and their characterization were performed. IC50 doses after 24h and 48h on HNO97, OEC and HSF cell lines were calculated. The study groups were divided into control untreated groups: HNO97-C, OEC-C, HSF-C, and treated (T) groups: HNO97-T OEC-T, HSF-T that were treated with AgNPs IC50 dose of HNO97 after 48h. The effect of Pisum sativum silver nanoparticles (PS-AgNPs) on cell lines morphology, nuclear area factor (NAF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), caspase 3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected. Results: The IC50 values of PS-AgNPs for HNO97 were 87.60 μg/ml and 35.07 μg/ml after 24h and 48h respectively, and being significantly higher in OEC and HSF. Treating all cell lines with PS-AgNPs IC50 dose of HNO97 after 48h revealed significant morphological apoptotic changes in HNO97 with no obvious changes in OEC and HSF. There was a statistically significant reduction in NAF, besides PCNA and TGFβ1 fold change, and statistically significant rise in caspase 3 and ROS production in HNO97-T compared to HNO97-C group, while there were no statistically significant differences in OEC-T and HSF-T when compared to their control groups. Conclusion: PS-AgNPs are cytotoxic to OSCC while being safe on normal OEC and HSF.