Potential of nanoparticles as products of biocontrol for controlling powdery mildew disease and yield of wheat plants

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) is an important cereal crop in Egypt and all over the world. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.s tritici is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. The present work designed to control powdery mildew disease of wheat plants through the nano technology, bioagents and some chemical inducers. All tested isolates of antagonistic fungi significantly reduced powdery mildew disease of wheat plants. Nano silicon or titanium, bioagents and chemical inducers were evaluated for their efficiency to control powdery mildew and effect on yield of wheat plants cv. Misr-1 in North Sinai governorate during 2015/2016 and in Beheira governorate during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. The most effective treatments are SNPs and TNPs obtained by P. putida (PpFT1) and B. subtilis (BsBN3) which reduced the disease severity. Followed by SNPs and TNPs obtained by T. harzianum (ThFT1), T. hamatum (TmSA2), T. viride (TvGK2)and P. fluorescens (PfBN1) in compared with methyl jasmonate and arginine . All tested treatments significantly increase the growth parameters i.e. fresh weight of plant (g) and Spike weight (g). The highest increase was obtained with SNPs and TNPs obtained by all tested bioagents. The highest increase was obtained with SNPs and TNPs obtained by P. putida (PpFT1), B. subtilis (BsBN3) and TNPs obtained by Paenibacillus polymyxa (PbBB2). Treated wheat plants with SNPs obtained by T. harzianum (ThFT1), T. viride (TvGK2) and T. hamatum (TmSA2) resulted in increasing the grain yield. Biochemical studies on the defense mechanisms of wheat plant due to different treatments such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, total protein and total phenols were done.The most effective treatments are SNPs and TNPs obtained by P. putida (PpFT1) and B. subtilis (BsBN3) followed by SNPs and TNPs obtained by T. harzianum (ThFT1), T. viride (TvGK2) and P. fluorescens (PfBN1) .All tested treatments significantly increased the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities.