Innovations in sustainable wastewater treatment: Integrating engineered biocomposites for enhanced dye adsorption

Abstract

In response to escalating environmental concerns and the urgent demand for sustainable solutions, this chapter introduces a novel approach to wastewater treatment: the use of engineered biocomposites. Addressing the challenge of dye-contaminated wastewater, where effective, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient methods are essential, engineered biocomposites emerge as a promising solution. The chapter delves into the design process, integrating biodegradable polymers, natural adsorbents, and functionalized nanoparticles to optimize structural integrity and enhance dye adsorption efficiency. Various fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning and the sol–gel process, highlight the adaptability of biocomposites to diverse wastewater compositions. Beyond composition, the chapter explores the underlying mechanisms governing dye adsorption, elucidating electrostatic forces, π–π stacking interactions, and nanoscale surface area topology. Real-world case studies underscore the economic viability and scalability of biocomposites in dye removal, signaling a transformative shift in sustainable wastewater treatment practices. As regulations become more stringent, this knowledge signifies a pivotal moment, steering wastewater treatment toward innovation for a more sustainable future.