Evaluating the antiviral activities of some bacteria against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)

Abstract

Viral-induced infectious diseases represent one of the major health threats and their control remains an unachieved goal. Present research aimed is to find antiviral substance derived from bacteria against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) which is used as a model in culture for HCV. Thirteen bacterial isolates were selected, evaluated and ability to produce antiviral activity against BVDV using Madin Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK) as cell culture system. Among these isolates, eight were able to inhibit the activity of BVDV. These isolates were 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 appear to be highly inhibitive effects against BVDV virus type and among these, five isolates (2, 4, 7, 8, 10) were isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus strain LJ01, Bacillus cereus strain FT9, Pseudomonas putida strain sda2, Bacillus thuringiensis Bt407, Xanthomasfuscans based on 16S rDNA analysis from highly saline sea water. Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescence appears to be highly inhibitive against BVDV virus type. Pseudomonas oleovoranswas selected to be subject to gradient extraction using ethyl acetate. Extract fractionation is done using chloroform 90%/10% methanol with increasing percentage of methanol till 100% by silica gel column chromatography. The antiviral fraction was subjected to GC/Mass for identification through matching compounds on database. The fraction containing compounds identified as saturated fatty acid esters called tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid methyl esters. Finally it can concluded that saturated fatty acids are considered to be an important antiviral against different viruses and it is further supported by 80% inhibition in BVDV plaque reduction assay.