A social study of the factors affecting the cultivation of artichoke (One Village One Product Model, Sidi Ghazi Village, Beheira Governorate)

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the motivating values for artichoke cultivation, to identify the reasons for the concentration of artichoke cultivation and industry in the village, to determine the socio-economic status of artichoke farmers, and to determine the contribution of the studied independent variables in explaining the total variance for the reasons for the concentration of artichoke cultivation and industry, and to determine the contribution of the studied independent variables in interpreting the total variance of the socioeconomic status of artichoke farmers. The village of Sidi Ghazi was chosen from among the villages of the Beheira Governorate to conduct the study, and a stratified random sample of (226) farmers was chosen, representing 41.3% of the total artichoke growers in the study community (Sidi Ghazi Credit Association). Data were collected using a questionnaire, and arithmetic means, standard deviations, correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the level of the motivating values scale for the cultivation of artichokes for farmers in the study area was high, and the phrase ease of marketing artichokes in the village ranked first, followed by the phrase The large number of processing and manufacturing stations (called nawalat) in the village, then the phrase land is suitable and valid for the cultivation of artichokes, followed by the phrase inherited cultivation, followed by the phrase source Income every 10 days in the winter, than the phrase The artichoke is a distinct crop from the rest of the other crops, than the phrase with a profitable economic return, followed by the phrase My livestock feed on the leaves and residues of the artichoke, followed by the phrase I sell the remaining seeds on the need of the land, and finally the phrase My kids and my family work at Artichoke Station. The results also indicated that the level of the scale of the reasons for the concentration of artichoke cultivation and industry in the village was high, and the phrase “Villagers' experience in artichoke farming” came first, followed by the phrase “There are a large number of processing stations (called Nolat) that equip artichokes for factories within the village and nearby villages,” then followed by the phrase “Availability of manpower in the village,” followed by the phrase “Easy marketing of village proximity to manufactured and exported factories,” then the phrase “The soil is suitable for planting artichokes,” followed by the phrase “The presence of manufacture within the village,” and finally the phrase “The village and area climate is suitable for artichoke cultivation.” The results also showed that more than half of the study sample (59.7%) fell into the middle-high category of the socio-economic level indicator. The results of the correlation analysis also revealed that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the socio-economic level and each of: educational status, monthly income, Agricultural possession size, the size of the area cultivated with artichokes, production of the area cultivated with artichokes. The results of the correlation analysis also indicated that there is a positive correlation and a statistical function between the reasons for the concentration of artichoke cultivation and industry and each of the following: the respondent's experience in artichoke cultivation, Satisfaction with the return from artichoke cultivation, and the motivating values for artichoke cultivation. The results of the multiple gradual regression analysis revealed that only two independent variables (the motivating values of artichoke cultivation, and the respondent’s experience of artichoke cultivation) contributed by 35.9% in explaining the total variation in the reasons for the concentration of artichoke cultivation and industry, and were the most important variables in explaining and interpreting the total variation in the reasons for the concentration of artichokes cultivation and industry is the motivating values variable for artichoke cultivation and explains 34.7%, and the last variable is the experience of the respondent in artichoke cultivation. The results of the multiple gradual regression analysis showed that there were three independent variables (monthly income, education of the respondent, Agricultural possession size) that contributed by 66.1% in explaining the total variance in the socio-economic level of artichoke farmers, and it was The most important variable in explaining the total variation in the socio-economic level of artichoke farmers was the monthly income variable, which explains 55.2%, followed by the respondent's education variable, and finally the Agricultural possession size.