Whey protein nutraceuticals functional properties whey-protein lipid conjugates, hybridization techniques

Abstract

Nutraceuticals (NC) often face challenges concerning their stability and bioavailability, limiting their health benefits. Nano-delivery systems (NDS), offer a promising solution by enhancing the protection, stability, and bioavailability of these compounds. Food-grade materials such as whey proteins (WP) are optimal for creating NDS due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and functional properties that facilitate their ability to carry bioactive compounds (BC) and NC. Considering the significant nutraceutical value of WP, this review emphasizes the main functional properties of WP, its ability to bind NC, especially the hydrophobic ones and other molecules, form gels, act as an emulsifier, and provide barrier protection. The review also evaluates the benefits of WP-lipid conjugates over single-component lipid or protein carriers, as well as the various hybridization techniques utilized in the development of these systems. In conclusion, WP serves as a highly adaptable molecule for constructing a broad range of carriers engineered to hold various NCs, such as vitamins, essential minerals, and phytochemicals, which are prone to degradation or low bioavailability.