An Economic Study of Egypt's Wheat Imports in Foreign Markets

Abstract

The importance of wheat is increasing because it is one of the most important cereal crops and an essential source of food for the Egyptians. The research problem is focused on the inability of the domestic production of wheat to keep pace with the increase in the requirements of domestic consumption as a result of population increase. In light of many determinants, the most important of which are the limited land resources, the scarcity of water resources, and the high average per capita consumption. It is noted that despite the increasing Wheat due to the state's interest in reducing the food gap of wheat instead of importing from abroad, the gap is still increasing and represents continuous pressure on the country's foreign exchange earnings. Russia was found to be the top importer, with an estimated average import amount of 7795.98 thousand tons and relative importance of 68.81% during the period (2016-2020). Meanwhile, Ukraine and the United States ranked second and third with an average of about 2047.92 and 536.63 thousand tons, and relative importance of 18.08% and 4.74%, respectively. is clear that there is an inverse relationship between the average Egyptian per capita of the number of imports of wheat per capita and the wheat relative price in Egypt to Russia in dollars per ton. The average export price of France in dollars per ton is lower than the relative price of Egypt to Russia in dollars by 1%. The greater amount of Egypt's imports of wheat by 9.1% annually has a Statistical significance of these equations on significant levels, and shows an inverse relationship the amount of Egypt's imports of wheat as the lower the export price of France in dollars by 1%, the greater the amount of Egypt's imports of wheat by 2.1% annually and proved the statistical significance of these equations at the levels of moral familiar.