Streptomyces avermitilis and Its Metabolites for Managing the Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: A Review

Abstract

The global agricultural output is greatly affected by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), especially root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.). These pests cause significant yield losses and economic harm by disrupting plant nutrient uptake and root growth. Although traditional nematicide-based management methods are effective, they pose environmental and health risks, prompting the need for sustainable alternatives. Biological control agents (BCAs), particularly Streptomyces avermitilis, have shown promise due to their bioactive metabolites that suppress nematode populations. Among these, abamectin has proven to be an effective nematicide while being environmentally friendly. This review explores the potential of Streptomyces avermitilis as a biocontrol agent, the biochemical mechanisms and environmental impacts of abamectin, and its role in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.