Efficacy of adipose—derived stromal vascular fraction in treatment of osteoarthritis: an experimental study

Abstract

Background Osteoarthritis OA is a common progressive disabling disease. Current research aims at finding therapies to prevent its progression. In this work, we assessed the therapeutic role of intra-articular injection of stromal vascular fraction SVF in collagenase induced knee OA in rats. Results Post right Knee OA induction in 42 Wistar rats, histopathological examination and quantification of articular cartilage degeneration using Mankin’s score revealed degenerative changes were significantly higher in untreated Group II compared to SVF treated Group III at 1 month (10.75 ± 0.50 and 2.50 ± 0.53, P = 0.001) and 2 months (8.50 ± 0.58, 0.50 ± 0.53, P = 0.001), respectively. Morphometric computerized image analysis revealed a significant difference between treated, untreated and healthy control group I regarding chondrocyte cellular count, articular cartilage thickness and optical density OD of the cartilage (P < 0.001). Group II contained the least chondrocyte cellular count. Also, articular cartilage thickness at 2 months was significantly less in Group II compared to SVF treated group (P < 0.001). The OD in Safranin-stained slides, as an indicator of proteoglycan content of the matrix, was highest in Group I followed by Group III and lowest in Group II with a highly significant difference between untreated and treated groups at 1 month (67.32 ± 4.25, 81.77 ± 3.09, P = 0.000) and 2 months (71.60 ± 3.49, 83.26 ± 5.47, P = 0.000), respectively. Conclusion Treatment with adipose-derived SVF decreased the development of articular cartilage degenerative changes at early stages of induced OA in rats. Later, on follow-up, the preserved articular cartilage thickness, cellular count and increased proteoglycan content rendered SVF a promising regenerative therapy for Knee OA. Keywords Osteoarthritis, Stromal vascular fraction, Experimental animals, Intraarticular injection, Cartilage repair