Haloperidol-Loaded Chitosan Nanocomposites Improve Liver and Kidney Functions and Lipid Profile of Male Rats

Abstract

Haloperidol, widely used standard neuroleptic drug, chronic use is linked to development of tardive dyskinesia and metabolic disturbance. So that this work aims to overcome haloperidol side effects by using chitosan nanoparticles as poly load system for this drug. Chitosan nanoparticles we prepared and characterized followed by loading haloperidol drug on chitosan nanoparticles. IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to to characterize these nanoparticles. The IR and TEM analysis were confirmed that there are conjugation between these nanoparticles and the haloperidol drug. The effect of haloperidol-chitosan nanocomposites on liver functions, kidney functions and lipid profiles were evaluated compared with the effect of haloperidol drug alone. In the in vivo study, the rats were divided into six main groups as follows, control, haloperidol low dose (0.3 mg/kg bwt/day), haloperidol high dose (1 mg/kg bwt/day), nano group treated with the nanoparticles alone, haloperidol nanoparticles low dose and haloperidol nanoparticles high dose given the same low and high doses of haloperidol to the rats. All the groups treated for 21 days before decapitation and collecting the blood for assessment of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, Creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins. The results revealed improvement in the liver, kidney functions and lipid profile in the haloperidol nanoparticles loaded groups in comparison with the treatment with low and high dose of haloperidol alone. The present results concluded that the haloperidol loaded on chitosan nanoparticles has fewer side effects on liver, kidney and lipid profile and could be used as treatment for schizophrenia, manic states and neurological disorders instead of haloperidol alone.