Comparing the Antibacterial Effect of Psidium guajava Extract, Camellia sinensis Extract and Chlorhexidine gluconate as Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth: In-Vitro Study

Abstract

The treatment of pulp necrosis, particularly in primary teeth, is a complex procedure based on the elimination of the root canal infection through good mechanical preparation and profound irrigation. Microorganisms found in the root canals of primary teeth are, to a wide extent, the same as those in the root canals of permanent teeth. Bacterial species such as E. faecalis has been reported in high prevalence in primary pulpal infections affecting children. The purpose of the current study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of 20% P. guajava leaves extract and 20% Camellia sinensis leaves extract with 2% CHX di-gluconate when used as root canal irrigants in extracted primary teeth roots contaminated with E. faecalis bacteria. Sixty-five primary roots were used. Roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups, one positive control group and one negative control group as follows: Group I: consisted of 15 roots that were irrigated with 20% guava leaves extract after being contaminated with E. faecalis , Group II: consisted of 15 roots that were contaminated with E. faecalis and irrigated with green tea leaves extract , Group III: consisted of 15 roots that were irrigated with CHX di-gluconate solution after being contaminated with E. faecalis. Group IV (positive control): consisted of 15 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with sterile saline and Group V (negative control): consisted of 5 roots that were neither contaminated nor irrigated. A concentration of 20% guava leaves extract and green tea leaves extract solutions were prepared to be used as irrigation. After mechanical preparation of the root canals employing the step back preparation technique reaching master apical file size #40 to standardize the diameter of all the canals, sterilization of all samples were carried out using Andromeda vacuum xp autoclave at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 PSI pressure for 20 minutes. Bacterial contamination of the first four groups with E. faecalis was carried out by immersing the samples in a 24-hour pure culture suspension of E. faecalis grown in Brain Heart Infusion broth and adjusted to No. 1 MacFarland turbidity standard. All the roots were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius in sealed vials. This procedure was repeated every 72 hours using a 24-hour pure culture prepared and adjusted to the No. 1 MacFarland turbidity standard.