Value of CD36 in Type 2 Diabetes with Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Ongoing patient self-management education and support are critical to preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications. Significant evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 85 to 95% of all diabetes in high-income countries and may account for an even higher percentage in low- and middleincome countries. Type 2 Diabetes is now a common and serious global health problem, which, for most countries, has developed together with rapid cultural and social changes, ageing populations, increasing urbanization, dietary changes, reduced physical activity, and other unhealthy behaviors. Studies performed in Egypt have shown that diabetes prevalence to be among the world’s 10 highest, and a similar situation applies for the IGT prevalence. The ageing of populations, together with socio-economic changes and westernization, has resulted in the dramatic increase in the diabetes prevalence. Individuals with diabetes mellitus manifest CVD rates up to 4 to 10 times higher than those observed in non-diabetic subjects. Subjects with diabetes also have been shown to have accelerated atherosclerosis. Type 2 diabetic patients without a history of prior myocardial infarction have the same risk of CHD death as nondiabetic subjects with a history of prior myocardial infarction. T2DM patients with larger glucose fluctuations have higher risk for coronary artery disease compared with patients having smaller glucose fluctuations and significantly related to carotid artery intima-media thickness in T2DM.