Potential Antitumorgenic Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Oil in Female Mice Injected With Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

Cancer is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease and identification and use of effective cancer chemopreventive agents is an important issue in public health-related research.Habitual use of functional foods such as garlicis examined in the battle against cancer and its eradication program The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of garlic oil (GO) in vivo using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line. The results of GO analysis using GC-MS revealed that it contained 35.1% diallyl disulphide (DADS), 27.5% diallyl trisulphide (DATS), 17.5% diallyl sulphide (DAS), and varying amounts of many other sulfur containing compounds. The results of the animal trial illustrated that: The antitumor potential of GO was evident through the decrease in tumor weight and volume, the prolongation of the life span of tumor bearing mice (TBM) up to 53.57%,regression in tumor growth rate that reached 36.38 % and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity up to 9.4%, 14.4% and 18.4% in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, liver and tumor tissues, respectively. EAC injection caused a severe oxidative stress in TBM compared to healthy mice. However, GO successfully elevated the depleted total antioxidant capacity(TAC) to near normal level. Also, reduced glutathione (GSH) was dramatically increased in GO administered mice with its level rising up to 66.3% compared to TBM.Catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S- transferase (GST)activities were both significantly elevated.The increments in CAT activity mounted up to 19.7%, 56% and 68% in serum of GO receiving groups; G4, G5, and G6 respectively, P<0.05. The activity of GST was increased by 12.9 %, 42.5 % and 63.8 % respectively at the same manner, P<0.05. GO reduced the marked elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in GO receiving groups; G4, G5, and G6 to 4.85  0.5 mmol/L, 4.29  0.5 and 3.84  0.34 mmol/L respectively, P < 0.05.Changes in oxidative stress markers measured in liver or tumor tissue homogenates mirrored those measured in blood. Concerning the hematological parameters, GO resulted in a significant reduction in the white blood cells (WBCs) count and elevation of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration as well as the red blood cells (RBCs) count. There were noticeable improvements in blood indices as well. GO resulted in an improved liver function represented by the decrement of liver enzymes’ activities and the restoration of blood proteins levels. Histopathological examination of the liver confirmed the results of the biochemical analysis showing the hepatoprotective and antitumor effects of GO.