Screening of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in El-Demerdash Hospital

Abstract

Cichero et al. (2013) stated that dysphagia is swallowing difficulties and trouble to move liquids, solids, and medications and may be saliva from the mouth down to the stomach, and it is related to any abnormal physiology in the upper digestive tract as described by Martino et al. (2009). Justice (2006) mentioned that dysphagia is classified in the clinical settings according to the extent of oral, pharyngeal or esophageal phase deficits into Oropharyngeal dysphagia and Esophageal dysphagia. Dysphagia can be characterized by the phase affected to identify the site at which the swallowing system breaks down, and this is important for designing the interventions either oral preparatory phase dysphagia, oral transport phase dysphagia, pharyngeal dysphagia or esophageal dysphagia (Justice, 2006). Wise and Murray (2006) stated that there are systemic diseases that may cause dysphagia including endocrinal diseases such as diabetes mellitus.