EFFECT OF GAMMA RAY TREATMENTS ON FABA BEAN AND ITS TOLERANCE TO SALINITY AND ASSESSMENT OF GENOTYPES VIA MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES

Abstract

This study was carried out during 2011- 2015 in the field, greenhouse, and laboratories of Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt, to study the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Gy) on four varieties of faba bean (Cairo 33, Giza 843, Sakha 2, Nubaria 1) and the response of the four faba bean varieties and the genotypes which developed from its M2 generation to salt tolerance by using five NaCl solution concentrations (0 - 50 - 75 - 100 - 150 mM) in four experiments. The work aimed to increase genetic variations in four cultivars of faba bean by gamma-ray and selection of the genetic compositions tolerant to salinity. Identifying the genetic variations among the used varieties and the newly developed salt-tolerant genotypes produced by gamma irradiation using RAPD and ISSR banding patterns. The higher doses of gamma irradiation decreased plant height at 35 DAS except for Giza843 and plant height at harvest but showed slight increase in number of branches plant-1and dry weight plant-1 except for Cairo33 variety also, number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds-1increased in Cairo33 and Giza843 than other two varieties. Weight of seeds plant-1 decreased in Cairo33 and Nubaria1 varieties but increased in Giza843 and Sakha2 varieties. Seed index decreased generally except Nubaria 1 and Giza843 varieties. The results indicated that all the traits under study were significantly decreased by increasing the NaCl concentration up to 100 mM concentration with a sharp decline at a concentration of 150 mM. A genotype tolerant to salinity was found (dose 50 Gy on Nubaria 1) and characterized by ISSR primer UBC 827. The molecular characterization of the four faba bean varieties and their newly developed salt-tolerant genotypes were performed using RAPD and ISSR analysis.