Evaluation of the Effects of Evening Primrose Oil on Gamma Rays-Induced Microscopical, Molecular and Biochemical Changes in Rats

Abstract

Mankind is increasingly exposed to radiation which emanates from natural sources and also from man-made sources such as atomic energy stations and the scientific and medical instruments and equipment. Radiation can cause massive damage to the body systems, tissues and cells. Some of the biological effects of radiations are due to the induction of free radicals and inflammation. Inflammation is a pathophysiological response initiated by tissue injury which if not treated properly will ultimately develop into a chronic condition. Tissue injury induced by trauma releases inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. These cytokines trigger the up-regulation of other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known consequences of radiation exposure.