Effectiveness of Intrathecal Administration of Bupivacaine with Fentanyl versus Nalbuphine for Elective Cesarean Section

Abstract

ubarachnoid block is the preferred anesthetic method for cesarean sections, because of its procedural simplicity and rapid effectiveness for neuronal blockade. Intrathecal opioids as an additive to Bupivacaine produce a synergistic action, thus improving quality and duration of sensory blockade. However, opioid-induced side effects, such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, shivering and pruritus which limit their use. Aim of the Study: The study aims to compare the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy of Fentanyl versus Nalbuphine when used with intrathecal injection of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing elective cesarean section, the hemodynamics changes and occurrence of post-operative side effects.