PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF SOME ALKALI ACTIVATED INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES

Abstract

Nowadays, the most important problems in the world are the en-ergy saving in building technology. Regular ordinary Portland cement production contains two main ores; limestone (CaCO3) rich in CaO and clay minerals rich in SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO with a secondary content of Na2O and K2O. Limestone ore (CaCO3) is the main part of the production of OPC at 1450–1550oC, which produced in a rotary kiln. The CO2 released from limestone calcination is ~ 45% of the total mass of CaCO3 ore used in production processes. Annually ~ 2.8 bil-lion tons of OPC clinker cement fabricated which shared in greenhouse gases by ~ 7.0–7.5% of the total exhausted CO2. In addition to Carbon dioxide released in combination with NOx, SOx, dioxin, and particulates from fuel sources (Azevedo, et al., 2018).The reduction of the amount of cement can be causes reduction energy consumption and green house CO2 gas emission. To decrease CO2 emission and save energy, large amounts of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and silica fume (SF) are used; these industrial wastes and by-products are usually used as a partial-replacement for OPC cement to turn the chemical and physical characteristics of concrete. Fly ash (FA) is a by-product of coal com-bustion which used in power stations. Silica fumes (SF) are by-product of electric arc furnace production of elemental silicon or ferro silicon