Rapid Automatized Naming Assessment in Egyptian Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting 3 to 5 percent of school-age children. This disorder is divided into three subtypes based on differential elevations of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms: inattentive type (ADHD-I), hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI), and combined type (ADHD-C). Working memory is one of the most widely used terms in psychology which is defined as the small amount of information that can be held in mind and used in the execution of cognitive tasks, in contrast with long-term memory, which is the vast amount of information saved in one’s life. It has often been connected or related to intelligence, information processing, executive function, comprehension, problem solving, and learning in people ranging from infancy to old age. Moreover, Working Memory (WM) impairment is considered a significant cognitive feature differentiating between ADHD and non-ADHD children. Rapid automatizing naming (RAN) is the ability to identify and recognize a given item through the activation and concomitant articulation of its name, which will later be stored in the mental lexicon.