Cognitive Dysfunction in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects 1–2% of people older than 60 years of age (Chen et al., 2001). Egypt has higher prevalence of PD about 35 in 100000 as was studied previously (Khedr et al., 2015). Although PD has long been considered predominantly motor disorder, non-motor signs and symptoms have recently gained increasing recognition as part of PD as PD patients have an almost six-fold increased risk of developing dementia compared with age-matched individuals without PD (Alves et al., 2006). Enormous data found that non-motor symptoms occur at any stage of the disease that can be used as a prediction for the patient’s future state. Many studies confirmed that NMS could be more disabling than motor part of PD as increasing rates of mortality and morbidity detected in patients with severe degree of NMS especially if they are not captured early for treatment (Savica et al., 2010), These disabling NMS grouped mainly as cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric issues (as depression, apathy, etc.) and autonomic dysfunctions. PD-MCI is relatively more importantrecent topic of interest in PD, more common in nondemented PD patients